1. 表示列举和举例
first of all, to begin with, first, second, next, for one thing, for another, in the first (second) place, furthermore, moreover, beyond that, also, besides, in addition, what is more, such as, finally; for example, for instance

2. 表示原因
since, because (of), as, for, owing to, result from, due to, on account of, on the ground of, as a result of

3. 表示时间顺序
at the same time, as soon as, so far, since, then, until, when, meanwhile, shortly, later, lately, after a while, at that time, before, earlier, presently, in the meantime, formerly

4. 表示空间顺序
close to, close at hand(近在身旁)，next to, down, far, beyond, against(对着)，on the opposite side(相对的)，opposite to, above, across, across from, around, at the bottom, before, behind, below, beneath, between, in the middle of, in the distance, in the center of, farther, on the left/right

5. 表示重复
in other words, again, as has been pointed out, to repeat, as I have said above, once again, after all, indeed, in fact, truly, of course, chiefly, especially, certainly, actually, particularly, to be sure, above all, surely, most important of all, even worse, no doubt, needless to say

6. 表示结果
so, then, therefore, thus, hence, consequently, as a result, accordingly, for this reason, as a consequence, on that account, it follows that

7. 表示总结
to sum up, in summary, to summarize, in short, in brief, to be brief, in other words, on the whole, in conclusion, to conclude

8. 表示对比和对照
(1) 对比：but, however, yet, or, nevertheless, still, nonetheless, conversely, nor, rather, whereas, though, on the one hand, on the other hand, on the contrary, by contrast with/to, in contrast, even though, instead, unlike, different from, on the other hand, in contrast (with/to), instead (of), the opposite (of), unlike, although, while
(2)对照：similarly, likewise, like, as, at the same time, in fact, too, in the same way, in alike manner, both, also, compared with