2007年6月23日六级真题

Part I                      Writing                (30 minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic: Should one expect a reward when doing a good deed. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below:

注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上。

Should one expect a reward when doing a good deed

1. 有的人认为应该有回报

2. 另外的人认为应该象雷锋一样不要回报

3. 我的看法

Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)

Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1.

For questions 1-4, mark

Y (for YES)            if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;

N (for NO)             if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage;

NG (for NOT GIVEN)   if the information is not given in the passage.

 For questions 5-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.

Seven Steps to a More Fulfilling Job

     Many people today find themselves in unfulfilling work situations. In fact, one in four workers is dissatisfied with their current job, according to the recent "Plans for 2004" survey. Their career path may be financially rewarding, but it doesn't meet their emotional, social or creative needs. They're stuck, unhappy, and have no idea what to do about it, except move to another job.

     Mary Lyn Miller, veteran career consultant and founder of the Life and Career Clinic, says that when most people are unhappy about their work, their first thought is to get a different job. Instead, Miller suggests looking at the possibility of a different life. Through her book, 8 Myths of Making a Living, as well as workshops, seminars and personal coaching and consulting, she has helped thousands of dissatisfied workers reassess life and work.

    Like the way of Zen, which includes understanding of oneself as one really is, Miller encourages job seekers and those dissatisfied with work or life to examine their beliefs about work and recognize that "in many cases your beliefs are what brought you to where you are today." You may have been raised to think that women were best at nurturing and caring and, therefore, should be teachers and nurses, So that's what you did. Or, perhaps you were brought up to believe that you should do what your father did, so you have taken over the family business, or become a dentist "just like dad." If this sounds familiar, it's probably time to look at the new possibilities for your future.

    Miller developed a 7-step process to help potential job seekers assess their current situation and beliefs, identify their real passion, and start on a journey that allows them to pursue their passion through work.

Step 1: Willingness to do something different.

    Breaking the cycle of doing what you have always done is one of the most difficult tasks for job seekers. Many find it difficult to steer away from a career path or make a change, even if it doesn't feel right. Miller urges job seekers to open their minds to other possibilities beyond what they are currently doing.

Step 2: Commitment to being who you are, not who or what someone wants you to be.

    Look at the girls and talents you have and make a commitment to pursue those things that you love most. If you love the social aspects of your job, but are stuck inside an office or "chained to your desk" most of the time, vow to follow your instinct and investigate alternative careers and work that allow you more time to interact with others. Dawn worked as a manager for a large retail clothing store for several years. Though she had advanced within the company, she felt frustrated and longed to be involved with nature and the outdoors. She decided to go to school nights and weekends to pursue her true passion by earning her master's degree in forestry. She now works in the biotech forestry division of a major paper company.

Step 3: Self-definition.

    Miller suggests that once job seekers know who they are, they need to know how to sell themselves. "In the job market, you are a product. And just like a product, you must know the features and benefits that you have to offer a potential client, or employer." Examine the skills and knowledge that you have and identify how they can apply to your desired occupation. Your qualities will exhibit to employers why they should hire you over other candidates.

Step 4: Attain a level of self-honoring.

    Self-honoring or self-love may seem like an odd step for job hunters, but being able to accept yourself, without judgment, helps eliminate insecurities and will make you more self-assured. By accepting who you are - all your emotions, hopes and dreams, your personality, and your unique way of being- you'll project more confidence when networking and talking with potential employers. The power of self-honoring can help to break all the falsehoods you were programmed to believe -those that made you feel that you were not good enough, or strong enough, or intelligent enough to do what you truly desire.

Step 5: Vision.

    Miller suggests that job seekers develop a vision that embraces the answer to "What do I really want to do?" One should create a solid statement in a dozen or so sentences that describe in detail how they see their life related to work. For instance, the secretary who longs to be an actress describes a life that allows her to express her love of Shakespeare on stage. A real estate agent, attracted to his current job because he loves fixing up old homes, describes buying properties that need a little tender loving care to make them more saleable.

Step 6: Appropriate risk.

    Some philosophers believe that the way to enlightenment comes through facing obstacles and difficulties. Once people discover their passion, many are too scared to do anything about it. Instead, they do nothing. With this step, job seekers should assess what they are willing to give up, or risk, in pursuit of their dream. For one working mom, that meant taking night classes to learn new computer-aided design skills, while still earning a salary and keeping her day job. For someone else, it may mean quitting his or her job, taking out a loan and going back to school full time. You'll move one step closer to your ideal work life if you identify how much risk you are willing to take and the sacrifices you are willing to make.

Step 7: Action.

    Some teachers of philosophy describe action in this way, "If one wants to get to the top of a mountain, just sitting at the foot thinking about it will not bring one there. It is by making the effort of climbing up the mountain, step by step, that eventually the summit is reached." All too often, it is the lack of action that ultimately holds people back from attaining their ideals. Creating a plan and taking it one step at a time can lead to new and different job opportunities. Job-hunting tasks gain added meaning as you sense their importance in your quest for a more meaningful work life. The plan can include researching industries and occupations, talking to people who are in your desired area of work, taking classes, or accepting volunteer work in your targeted field.

    Each of these steps will lead you on a journey to a happier and more rewarding work life. After all, it is the journey, not the destination, that is most important.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

1. According to the recent "Plans for 2004" survey, most people are unhappy with their current jobs.

2. Mary Lyn Miller's job is to advise people on their life and career.

3. Mary Lyn Miller herself was once quite dissatisfied with her own work.

4. Many people find it difficult to make up their minds whether to change their career path.

5. According to Mary Lyn Miller, people considering changing their careers should commit themselves to the pursuit of _________________.

6. In the job market, job seekers need to know how to sell themselves like ___________________.

7. During an interview with potential employers, self-honoring or self-love may help a job seeker to show ______________________.

8. Mary Lyn Miller suggests that a job seeker develop a vision that answers the question “_________”

9. Many people are too scared to pursue their dreams because they are unwilling to _____________.

10. What Ultimately holds people back from attaining their ideals is ______________________.

Part III            Listening Comprehension         (35 minutes)

Section A

Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more .questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

11. A) Packing a birthday gift.               C) Watching a talk show.

   B) Surfing the net.                             D) Shopping at a jewelry store.

12. A) He doesn't know if he can do well in the exam.

   B) He enjoys finding fault with exams.

   C) He is sure of his success in the exam.

   D) He used to get straight A's in the exams he took.

13. A) The man is quite optimistic about human nature.

   B) The woman is doubtful about newspaper stories.

   C) The woman is unsure if there will be peace in the world.

   D) The man is generous with his good comments on people.

14. A) Sell his shop.                       C) Attend a medical school.

   B) Stay in business.                      D) Study for some profession.

15. A) A college education.                         C) Fair treatment.

   B) Shorter work hours.                         D) More money.

16. A) She will not go to Mexico again.               C) She was impressed by Mexican food.

   B) She was exhausted from her trip.              D) She missed the comforts of home.

17. A) Seek professional advice.                     C) Find a more suitable job.

   B) Cheer herself up a bit.                  D) Take a psychology course.

18. A) He has ignored his friends since graduation.

   B) What he wears does not match his position.

   C) He dresses more formally now.

   D) He failed to do well at college.

Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

19. A) To go sightseeing.                    C) To join in a training program.

   B) To have meetings.                    D) To promote a new champagne.

20. A) It can make air travel more entertaining.

   B) It can cut down the expenses for air travel.

   C) It can lessen the discomfort caused by air travel.

   D) It can reduce the number of passenger complaints.

21. A)Avoided eating rich food.

   B) Refrained from fish or meat.

   C) Ate vegetables and fruit only.

   D) Took balanced meals with champagne.

22. A) Many of them were concerned with their well-being.

   B) Not many of them chose to do what she did.

   C) Not many of them understood the program.

   D) Many of them found it difficult to exercise on a plane.

Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

23. A) In a shopping mall.                    C) At a cafeteria.

   B) In a computer lab.                           D) At a fair.

24. A) The organizing of an exhibition.        C) The purchasing of some equipment.

   B) The latest computer technology.        D) The dramatic changes in the job market.

25. A) Data collection.                     C) Information processing.

   B) Corporate management.               D) Training consultancy.

Section B

Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

Passage One

Questions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.

26. A) Attempt something impossible.         C) Follow the cultural tradition.

   B) Improve themselves.                         D) Get rid of empty dreams.

27. A) By making detailed plans and carrying them out.

   B) By finding sufficient support for implementation.

   C) By taking into account their own ability to change.

   D) By constantly keeping in mind their ultimate goals.

28. A) To show people how to get their lives back to normal.

   B) To remind people to check the calories on food bags.

   C) To illustrate how easily people abandon their goals.

   D) To show how difficult it is for people to lose weight.

Passage Two

Questions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard.

29. A) Michael's parents got divorced.                C) A truck driver lost his life in a collision.

   B) Karen's mother died in a car accident.     D) Karen was adopted by Ray Anderson.

30. A) He sacrificed his life to save a baby girl.

   B) He was killed instantly in a burning car.

   C) He got married to Karen's mother.

   D) He ran a red light and collided with a truck.

31. A) Such misfortune should have fallen on him.

   B) It reminded him of his miserable childhood.

   C) He did not understand his father till too late.

   D) The reported hero turned out to be his father.

Passage Three

Questions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.

32. A) Japan.                                    C) The U.K.

   B) Germany.                            D) The U.S.

33. A) By doing odd jobs at weekends.        C) By taking shorter vacations each year.

   B) By putting in more hours each week.            D) By working long hours every day.

34. A) To prevent them from holding a second job.

   B) To help them maintain their living standard.

   C) To provide them with more job opportunities.

   D) To combat competition and raise productivity.

Section C

Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

    Nursing, as a typically female profession, must deal constantly with the false impression that nurses are there to wait on the physician. As nurses, we are (36)        to provide nursing care only. We do not have any legal or moral (37)        to any physician. We provide health teaching, (38) ______ physical as well as emotional problems, (39)         patient-related services, and make all of our nursing decisions based upon what is best or suitable for the patient. If, in any (40)         , we feel that a physician's order is (41)         or unsafe, we have a legal (42)         to question that order or refuse to carry it out.

Nursing is not a nine-to-five job with every weekend off. All nurses are aware of that before they enter the profession. The emotional and physical stress, however, that occurs due to odd working hours is a (43)         reason for a lot of the career dissatisfaction. (44) ____________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________. That disturbs our personal lives, disrupts our sleeping and eating habits, and isolates us from everything except job-related friends and activities.

The quality of nursing care is being affected dramatically by these situations. (45) ____________

_____________________________________________________________. Consumers of medically related services have evidently not been affected enough yet to demand changes in our medical system. But if trends continue as predicted, (46) _________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________.

Part IV  Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)  (25 minutes)

Section A

Directions: In this section, there is a short passage with 5 questions or incomplete statements. Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words. Please write your answers on Answer Sheet 2.

Questions 47 to 51 are based on the following passage.

    Google is a world-famous company, with its headquarters in Mountain View, California. It was set up in a Silicon Valley garage in 1998, and inflated (膨胀) with the Internet bubble. Even when everything around it collapsed the company kept on inflating. Google's search engine is so wide-spread across the world that search became Google, and google became a verb. The world fell in love with the effective, fascinatingly fast technology.

    Google owes much of its success to the brilliance of S. Brin and L. Page, but also to a series of fortunate events. It was Page who, at Stanford in 1996, initiated the academic project that eventually became Google's search engine. Brin, who had met Page at a student orientation a year earlier, joined the project early on. They were both Ph.D. candidates when they devised the search engine which was better than the rest and, without any marketing, spread by word of mouth from early adopters to, eventually, your grandmother.

    Their breakthrough, simply put, was that when their search engine crawled the Web, it did more than just look for word matches; it also tallied (统计) and ranked a host of other critical factors like how websites link to one another. That delivered far better results than anything else. Brin and Page meant to name their creation Googol (the mathematical term for the number 1 followed by 100 zeroes), but someone misspelled the word so it stuck as Google. They raised money from prescient (有先见之明的) professors and venture capitalists, and moved off campus to turn Google into a business. Perhaps their biggest stroke of luck came early on when they tried to sell their technology to other search engines, but no one met their price, and they built it up on their own.

    The next breakthrough came in 2000, when Google figured out how to make money with its invention. It had lots of users, but almost no one was paying. The solution turned out to be advertising, and it's not an exaggeration to say that Google is now essentially an advertising company, given that that's the source of nearly all its revenue. Today it is a giant advertising company, worth $100 billion.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

47. Apart from a series of fortunate events, what is it that has made Google so successful?

48. Google's search engine originated from                     started by L. Page.

49. How did Google's search engine spread all over the world?

50. Brin and Page decided to set up their own business because no one would __________________.

51. The revenue of the Google company is largely generated from ___________________________.

Section B

Directions: There are 2passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

Passage One

Questions 52 to 56 are based on the following passage.

    The use of deferential (敬重的) language is symbolic of the Confucian ideal of the woman, which dominates conservative gender norms in Japan. This ideal presents a woman who withdraws quietly to the background, subordinating her life and needs to those of her family and its male head. She is a dutiful daughter, wife, and mother, master of the domestic arts. The typical refined Japanese woman excels in modesty and delicacy; she "treads softly (谨言慎行) in the world," elevating feminine beauty and grace to an art form.

    Nowadays, it is commonly observed that young women are not conforming to the feminine linguistic (语言的) ideal. They are using fewer of the very deferential "women's" forms, and even using the few strong, forms that are known as "men's." This, of course, attracts considerable attention and has led to an outcry in the Japanese media against the defeminization of women's language. Indeed, we didn't hear about "men's language" until people began to respond to girls' appropriation of forms normally reserved for boys and men. There is considerable sentiment about the "corruption" of women's language--which of course is viewed as part of the loss of feminine ideals and morality--and this sentiment is crystallized by nationwide opinion polls that are regularly carried out by the media.

    Yoshiko Matsumoto has argued that young women probably never used as many of the highly deferential forms as older women. This highly polite style is no doubt something that young women have been expected to "grow into"--after all, it is a sign not simply of femininity, but of maturity and refinement, and its use could be taken to indicate a change in the nature of one's social relations as well. One might well imagine little girls using exceedingly polite forms when playing house or imitating older women--in a fashion analogous to little girls' use of a high-pitched voice to do "teacher talk" or "mother talk" in role play.

    The fact that young Japanese women are using less deferential language is a sure sign of change--of social change and of linguistic change. But it is most certainly not a sign of the "masculinization" of girls. In some instances, it may be a sign that girls are making the same claim to authority as boys and men, but that is very different from saying that they are trying to be "masculine." Katsue Reynolds has argued that girls nowadays are using more assertive language strategies in order to be able to compete with boys in schools and out. Social change also brings not simply different positions for women and girls, but different relations to life stages, and adolescent girls are participating in new subcultural forms. Thus what may, to an older speaker, seem like "masculine" speech may seem to an adolescent like "liberated" or "hip" speech.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

52. The first paragraph describes in detail _____________

   A) the Confucian influence on gender norms in Japan

   B) the stereotyped role of women in Japanese families

   C) the, standards set for contemporary Japanese women

   D) the norms for traditional Japanese women to follow

53. What change has been observed in today's young Japanese women?

   A) They use fewer of the deferential linguistic forms.

   B) They pay less attention to their linguistic behavior.

   C) They employ very strong linguistic expressions.

   D) They confuse male and female forms of language.

54. How do some people react to women's appropriation of men's language forms as reported in the Japanese media?

   A) They call for a campaign to stop the defeminization.

   B) They accept it as a modern trend.

   C) They express strong disapproval.

   D) They see it as an expression of women's sentiment.

55. According to Yoshiko Matsumoto, the linguistic behavior observed in today's young women ________________.

   A) may lead to changes in social relations   C) is a result of rapid social progress

   B) is viewed as a sign of their maturity      D) has been true of all past generations

56. The author believes that the use of assertive language by young Japanese women is

   A) a sure sign of their defeminization and maturation

   B) one of their strategies to compete in a male-dominated society

   C) an inevitable trend of linguistic development in Japan today

   D) an indication of their defiance against social change

 Passage Two

 Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.

     You hear the refrain all the time: the U.S. economy looks good statistically, but it doesn't feel good. Why doesn't ever-greater wealth promote ever-greater happiness? It is a question that dates at least to the appearance in 1958 of The Affluent (富裕的) Society by John Kenneth Galbraith, who died recently at 97.                                        

     The Affluent Society is a modem classic because it helped define a new moment in the human condition. For most of history, "hunger, sickness, and cold" threatened nearly everyone, Galbraith wrote. "Poverty was found everywhere in that world. Obviously it is not of ours." After World War II, the dread of another Great Depression gave way to an economic boom. In the 1930s unemployment had averaged 18.2 percent; in the 1950s it was 4.5 percent.

     To Galbraith, materialism had gone mad and would breed discontent. Through advertising, companies conditioned consumers to buy things they didn't really want or need. Because so much spending was artificial, it would be unfulfilling. Meanwhile, government spending that would make everyone better off was being cut down because people instinctively--and wrongly--labeled government only as "a necessary evil."

     It's often said that only the rich are getting ahead; everyone else is standing still or falling behind. Well, there are many undeserving rich---overpaid chief executives, for instance. But over any meaningful period, most people's incomes are increasing. From 1995 to 2004, inflation-adjusted average family income rose 14.3 percent, to $43,200. People feel "squeezed" because their rising incomes often don't satisfy their rising wants---for bigger homes, more health care, more education, faster Interact connections.

    The other great frustration is that it has not eliminated insecurity. People regard job stability as part of their standard of living. As corporate layoffs increased, that part has eroded. More workers fear they've become "the disposable American," as Louis Uchitelle puts it in his book by the same name.

    Because so much previous suffering and social conflict stemmed from poverty, the arrival of widespread affluence suggested utopian (乌托邦式的) possibilities. Up to a point, affluence succeeds. There is much less physical misery than before. People are better off. Unfortunately, affluence also creates new complaints and contradictions.

    Advanced societies need economic growth to satisfy the multiplying wants of their citizens. But the quest for growth lets loose new anxieties and economic conflicts that disturb the social order. Affluence liberates the individual, promising that everyone can choose a unique way to self-fulfillment. But the promise is so extravagant that it predestines many disappointments and some-

times inspires choices that have anti-social consequences, including family breakdown and obesity (肥胖症). Statistical indicators of happiness have not risen with incomes.

    Should we be surprised? Not really. We've simply reaffirmed an old truth: the pursuit of affluence does not always end with happiness.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

57. What question does John Kenneth Galbraith raise in his book The Affluent Society?

   A) What lies behind an economic boom.

   B) How happiness can be promoted today.

   C) Why affluence doesn't guarantee happiness.

   D) Why statistics don't tell the truth about the economy.

58. According to Galbraith, people feel discontented because

   A) materialism has run wild in modem society

   B) they are in fear of another Great Depression

   C) the government has proved to be a necessary evil

   D) public spending hasn't been cut down as expected

59. Why do people feel squeezed when their average income rises considerably?

   A) The distribution of wealth is uneven between the rich and the poor.

   B) Their material pursuits have gone far ahead of their earnings.

   C) Their purchasing power has dropped markedly with inflation.

   D) Health care and educational costs have somehow gone out of control.

60. What does Louis Uchitelle mean by "the disposable American" (Line 3, Para. 5)?

   A) Workers who no longer have secure jobs.

   B) People who have little say in American politics.

   C) People full of utopian ideas resulting from affluence.

   D) Those who see job stability as part of their living standard.

61. What has affluence brought to American society?

   A) A sense of self-fulfillment.                    C) Renewed economic security.

   B) Misery and anti-social behavior.          D) New conflicts and complaints.

Part V                     Cloze                  (15 minutes)

Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D) on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

    Historically, humans get serious about avoiding

disasters only after one has just struck them.

   62  that logic, 2006 should have been a break-        62. A) To              C) By

through year for rational behavior. With the memory         B) For              D) On

of9/l 1 still  63  in their minds, Americans watched      63. A) apparent      C) evident

hurricane Katrina, the most expensive disaster in               B) obvious       D) fresh

U.S. history, on   64   TV. Anyone who didn't            64. A) live              C) vivid

know it before should have learned that bad things            B) lively           D) visual

can happen. And they are made  65  worse by our     65. A) little             C) less

                                                                                       B) much &nbs