2004年1月大学英语六级考试

(新题型整合卷)

Part I                            Writing                      (30 minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic : Reduce Waste on Campus. You should write at least 150 words, and base your composition on the outline given below in Chinese:

1. 有些大学校园浪费现象日益严重

2. 浪费的危害

3. 杜绝浪费，从我做起

  注意：实考中此部分试题在答题卡1上。

Reduce Waste on Campus

Part II   Reading Comprehension( Skimming and Scanning)   (15 minutes)

Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1.

For questions 1 -4, mark

Y(for YES)          if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;

N (for NO)          if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage;

NG(for NOT GIVEN)  if the information is not given in the passage.

For questions 5 - 10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.

Animal Language

    Some people say that human beings are the only animals that have language. Is this true? It is a very difficult question to answer. A person must have a good definition of "language". Different kinds of animals must be studied. Some animals certainly seem to have a communication system. That system may or may not be a language. For example, the bee has ways of telling other bees about food. The dolphin, a kind of fish, has ways of giving information to other dolphins. The monkey, an animal that is similar to humans in many ways, can use a human language system. Does this mean animals have language? We will study each of these animals to try to answer this question.

Bees' dancing

    Bees do two kinds of dances to tell other bees of their discovery of food. First, there is a round dance. In this dance, the bee moves in a circle inside the hive. The round dance is used when food is close by. The food must not be more than ten meters away. If a bee comes back, and does a round dance, other bees know they must go out and look nearby for food. The bees also smell the bee that has found the food. The smell tells them what kind of flower to look for. After watching the round dance and smelling the bee that has found the food, the other bees can find the food source.

    A second kind of dance done by the bees is a tail-wagging dance. In this dance, the bee wiggles the end of its body as it moves in a straight line. The tail-wagging dance is used when the food is more than ten meters away. The bees know from the speed of the tail-wagging dance just how far away the food source is. The line the bee dances on shows the direction that the bees must fly in to find the food. In the tail-wagging dance and smelling the bee that has found the food, the other bees know three things. They know how far to fly, what direction to fly in, and what kinds of flowers to look for.

    The bee's communication system is extremely interesting. Each bee can tell all the other bees where to look for food. The bees can also tell one another if the food is especially good and how much of it there is. Karl yon Frisch did an experiment with bees. He put a food source very high above the bee hive, and put a bee into the food. The bee returned to the hive and did the round dance, but none of the other bees could find the food. This suggests that bees do not really have a language. One bee could not tell the other bees the height of the food. One bee could not communicative this new information to the others.

Dolphins' calls

    Dolphins, like bees, have been studied to see if they have a language. Although scientists have not studied the dolphin as carefully as they have studied the bee, they have made interesting discoveries. Many observations have been made. A few experiments with dolphins have been done. The dolphin has been studied because its general behavior is much like that of humans. For communication, however, the dolphin's system is much more limited than a person's. The dolphin has three kinds of calls or noises to tell other dolphins about food, danger, or other things.

Monkeys' learning

    Teach Viki to talk. It seems that bees and dolphins communicate, but that they do not have language. It is much more difficult to decide whether monkeys have language. Monkeys are very intelligent and similar to humans. Because of this similarity, some scientists in the late 1940's tried to teach a monkey named Viki to talk. After a year, Viki could only say a few words. Part of the problem with this experiment is that monkeys do not have the same kind of mouth and throat as humans. They are not really able to make human speech sounds. As a result, the experiment with Viki did not work well.

    Teach Washoe to use sign language. In the mid-1960's, other scientists tried to teach a monkey named Washoe to use a sign language. In a sign language, words are not spoken. Instead, signs are made with the hands. Many people who cannot speak or hear use this sign language. It seemed to be a better kind of language to teach to a monkey. After two years, Washoe could make thirty-four signs with her hands. For example, she could put three fingers next to her ear as a sign for her name, Washoe. She could also do two other things. First, she combined signs to make sentences. Second, she used one sign for all things of one kind, generalizing her use of the sign. The ability to combine and to generalize is important in language use.

    Teach Lana to make sentences. A third group of scientists have been working with a monkey named Lana in the past few years. Lana is being studied at the Yerkes Primate Research Center in the United States. The scientists who are working with Lana are studying her ability to make sentences. She makes sentences by pressing symbols on a computer board. She may ask the computer to give her food, water, or toys. She must press the symbols on the computer to answer simple questions which the scientist asks, using the computer also. She has shown that she understands sentences in two ways. First, she can correct the word order in a sentence. If the scientist presses the symbols in the wrong

order, Lana will press them correctly. Lana has also shown that different word orders have different

meanings for her. Lana's achievements are quite amazing. Does she have a language?

How to define "language"

    Of course, the answer to this question depends on how "language" is defined. We may define language as any system for exchanging information. If this definition is used, then bees, dolphins, and monkeys all have a language. But language may be defined in another way. We may define language as a system for exchanging information by making new combinations of symbols. If this definition is used, then bees and dolphins do not have a language, but monkeys may have one. Monkeys are clearly able to combine symbols in a human language that they have been taught. This is not their usual language, however.

     Animal language, then, is a very complex thing. Many experiments are interesting because they tell us more about animals. They are also interesting because they may help us learn language. The system used to teach Washoe has helped some humans to learn language. These experiments are a help to humans. We really cannot say whether animals have language or not. Much more research will have to be done before we can be sure.

注意：实考中此部分试题均在答题卡1上作答。

1. A bee can tell other bees by doing tail-wagging dance that it has found food more than ten meters     away.

2. Lana was once studied by a scientist named Kim Samsun.

3. Dolphins do not have a communication system of their own.

4. Experiments show that monkeys have a language.

5. Dolphins can             calls for food, dangers, or other things.

6. Dolphins are            humans in their general behavior.

7. Viki could only say a few words partly because monkeys do not have the same kind of         as humans.

8. The third group of scientists studied Lana's ability to _______________________________.

9. Monkeys can be taught to use some human language, but that is their              language.

10. The author means to tell us that a language is not just a simple system to ___________________.

Part III                   Listening Comprehension              (35 minutes)

Section A

Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center.

注意：实考中此部分试题在答题卡2上作答。

11. A) She knows where Martha has gone.

   B) Martha will go to the concert by herself.

   C) It is quite possible for the man to find Martha.

   D) The man is going to meet Martha at the concert.

12. A) The air pollution is caused by the development of industry.

   B) The city was poor because there wasn't much industry then.

   C) The woman's exaggerating the seriousness of the pollution.

   D) He might move to another city very soon.

13. A) The man should work harder to improve his grades.

   B) The man will benefit from the effort he's put in.

   C) It serves the man right to get a poor grade.

   D) It was unfair of the teacher to give the man a C.

l4. A) She can make a reservation at the restaurant.

   B) The man should decide where to eat.

   C) She already has plans for Saturday night.

   D) The man should ask his brother for suggestions.

15. A) The man deserved the award.

   B) The woman helped the man succeed.

   C) The man is thankful to the woman for her assistance.

   D) The woman worked hard and was given an award.

16. A) Alice does not know much about electronics.

   B) Alice is unlikely to find a job anywhere.

   C) Alice is not interested in anything but electronics.

   D) Alice is likely to find a job in an electronics company.

17. A) Jimmy is going to set out tonight.

   B) Jimmy has not decided on his journey.

   C) There is no need to have a farewell dinner.

   D) They may have a dinner when Jimmy's back.

18. A) The patient must receive treatment regularly.

   B) The patient can't leave the hospital until the bleeding stops.

   C) The patient's husband can attend to the business in her place.

   D) The patient must take a good rest and forget about her business.

Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

19. A) A mechanic.   B) A broken car.         C) Their work.         D) The subway.

20. A) It will cost a lot of money and time to repair it.

   B) He can't fix the car up again.

   C) He could patch the car up.

   D) He refused to fix the car.

21. A) Buy a new car.

   B) The woman is going to have the man's car to go to work.

   C) The man is going to take bus and subway to go to work.

   D) Both B and C.

22. A) By car.                        B) By taxi.

   C) Take the bus and subway.         D) Walk to work.

Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

23. A) The man's new job.              B) The finance office.

   C) The investment of cash reserve.    D) The functions of computer.

24. A) The man.                      B) The computer.

   C) The accountant.                 D) All the people in the office.

25. A) Take care of the payroll.          B) Handle the accounts.

   C) Invest its cash reserve.            D) Give the necessary information to the computer.

Section B

Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A ), B), C) and D ). Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center.

Passage One

Questions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.

26. A) They are delighted because they can enjoy the scenery while driving.

   B) They are frightened because traffic accidents are frequent.

   C) They are irritated because the bridge is jammed with cars.

   D) They are pleased because it saves them much time.

27. A) They don't have their own cars to drive to work.

   B) Many of them are romantic by temperament.

   C) Most of them enjoy the drinks on the boat.

   D) They tend to be more friendly to each other.

28. A) Many welcome the idea of having more bars on board.

   B) Many prefer the ferry to maintain its present speed.

   C) Some suggest improving the design of the deck.

   D) Some object to using larger luxury boats.

Passage Two

Questions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard.

29. A) Coca Cola.    B) Sausage.           C) Milk.            D) Fried chicken.

30. A) He has had thirteen decayed teeth.

   B) He doesn't have a single decayed tooth.

     C) He has fewer decayed teeth than other people of his age.

     D) He never had a single tooth pulled out before he was fifty.

31. A) Brush your teeth fight before you go to bed in the evening.

     B) Have as few of your teeth pulled out as possible.

     C) Have your teeth X-rayed at regular intervals.

     D) Clean your teeth shortly after eating.

Passage Three

Questions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.

32. A) A visit to a prison.

   B) The influence of his father.

   C) A talk with some miserable slaves.

   D) His experience in the war between France and Austria.

33. A) He sent surgeons to serve in the army.

   B) He provided soldiers with medical supplies.

   C) He recruited volunteers to care for the wounded.

   D) He helped to flee the prisoners of war.

34. A) All men are created equal.

   B) The wounded and dying should be treated for free.

   C) A wounded soldier should surrender before he receives any medical treatment.

   D) A suffering person is entitled to help regardless of race, religion or political beliefs.

35. A) To honor Swiss heroes who died in the war.

   B) To show Switzerland was neutral.

   C) To pay tribute to Switzerland.

   D) To show gratitude to the Swiss government for its financial support.

Section C

Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times.  When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.

注意：实考中此部分试题在答题卡2上作答。

    President Clinton later today joins (36).            presidents Ford, Carter and Bush at “the president's summit for America's future” (37)             at recruiting one million volunteer tutors to provide after-school weekend and summer reading help for up to three million children. Mr. Clinton will ask Congress this coming week for nearly three (38)              dollars to fund a five-year program called “America Reads”.

The program would fund the (39)           efforts of 20 thousand reading (40)           and would also give (41)             to help parents help children read by the third grade, or about age eight. During his Saturday radio(42)          , the president explained why the (43)          is important. “We need ‘America Reads’ and we need it now. Studies show that if the fourth-graders fail to read well, (44)                                                            But, 40 percent of them still can't read at a basic level.”

    Volunteer tutors, who provide community service in exchange for college funding, are being used in literacy and tutoring programs. (45)                                             .

    The president says many of the Philadelphia summit's corporate sponsors will recruit tutors.

(46)                                                                           .

Part IV          Reading Comprehension ( Reading in Depth)      ( 25 minutes )

Section A

Directions: In this section, there is a short passage with 5 questions or incomplete statements. Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words on Answer Sheet 2.

Questions 47 to 51 are based on the following passage.

    One summer my wife Chris and I were invited by friends to row down the Colorado River in a boat. Our expedition included many highly successful people--the kinds who have staffs to take care of life's daily work. But in the wilder rapids, all of us naturally set aside any pretences and put our backs into every stroke to keep the boat from tumbling over. At each night's encampment, we all hauled supplies and cleaned dishes. After only two days in the river, people accustomed to being spoiled and indulged had become a team, working together to cope with the unpredictable twists and turns of the river.

    I believe that in life--as well as on beat trips--teamwork will make all our journeys successful ones. The rhythms of teamwork have been the rhythms of my life. I played basketball alongside famous players, and the team I now coach, the New York Knieks, has recovered from years of adversity to become a major contender in the 1990s.

    I'm persuaded that teamwork is the key to making dreams come true. We all play on a number of teams in our lives--as part of a family, as a citizen, as a member of an agreement, written or unwritten. It contains the values and goals for every team member.

    For example, in the late 1970s a General Motors plant in Fremont, Calif, was the scene of constant warfare between labor and management. Distrust ran so high that the labor contract was hundreds of pages of tricky legal terms. GM spent millions trying to keep the facility up to date, but productivity and quality were continually poor. Absenteeism was so out of control that the production line couldn't even start up on some mornings. Finally in the early 1980s, GM shut down the plant.

    GM became convinced that it had to create new production systems based on teamwork. In the mid-1980s it reopened the Frement plant with Toyota, starting from scratch with a much simpler and shorter labor contract. It promised that executive salaries would be reduced and jobs performed by outside sellers would be given to employees before any layoffs were considered. Over a hundred job classifications were cut to just two. Instead of doing one boring job over and over, workers agreed to be part of small teams, spending equal time on various tasks.

注意：实考中此部分试题在答题卡2上作答。

47. What comment did the author make about the highly successful people traveling with him.?

48. Why was it easy for boats to tumble over in the Colorado?

49. What happened to the New York Knicks in the 1980s?

50. What caused the sharp conflict in the GM plant in the late 1970s?

51. What spirit was encouraged in the reopened GM plant?

Section B

Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center.

Passage One

Questions 52 to 56 are based on the following passage.

    Some futurologists have assumed that the vast upsurge (增加) of women in the workforce may portend a rejection of marriage. Many women, according to this hypothesis, would rather work than marry. The converse(反面) of this concern is that the prospects of becoming a multi-paycheck household could encourage marriages. In the past, only the earnings and financial prospects of the man counted in the marriage decision. Now, however, the earning ability of a woman can make her more attractive as a marriage partner. Data show that economic downturns tend to postpone marriage because the parties cannot afford to establish a family or are concerned about rainy days ahead. As the economy rebounds, the number of marriages also rises.

    Coincident with the increase in women working outside the home is the increase in divorce rates. Yet, it may be wrong to jump to any simple cause-and-effect conclusions. The impact of a wife's work on divorce is no less cloudy than its impact on marriage decisions. The realization that she can be a good provider may increase the chances that a working wife will choose divorce over an unsatisfactory marriage. But the reverse is equally plausible. Tensions grounded in financial problems often play a key role in ending a marriage. Given high unemployment, inflationary problems, and slow growth in real earnings, a working wife can increase household income and relieve some of these pressing financial burdens. By raising a family's standard of living, a working wife may strengthen her family's financial and emotional stability.

    Psychological factors also should be considered. For example, a wife blocked from a career outside the home may feel caged in the house. She may view her only choice as seeking a divorce. On the other hand, if she can find fulfillment through work outside the home, work and marriage can go together to create a stronger and more stable union.

    Also, a major part of women's inequality in marriage has been due to the fact that, in most cases, men have remained the main breadwinners. With higher earning capacity and status occupations outside of the home comes the capacity to exercise power within the family. A working wife may rob a husband of being the master of the house. Depending upon how the couple reacts to these new conditions, it could create a stronger equal partnership or it could create new insecurities.

52. The word “portend” ( Line 2, Para. 1 ) is closest in meaning to __________________.

   A) defy          B) signal               C ) suffer from         D) result from

53. It is said in the passage that when the economy slides,

   A) men would choose working women as their marriage partners

   B) more women would get married to seek financial security

   C) even working women would worry about their marriages

   D) more people would prefer to remain single for the time being

54. If women find fulfillment through work outside the home,

   A) they are more likely to dominate their marriage partners

   B) their husbands are expected to do more housework

   C) their marriage ties can be strengthened

   D) they tend to put their career before marriage

55. One reason why women with no career may seek a divorce is that

   A) they feel that they have been robbed of their freedom

   B) they are afraid of being bossed around by their husbands

   C) they feel that their partners fail to live up to their expectations

   D) they tend to suspect their husbands' loyalty to their marriage

56. Which of the following statements can best summarize the author's view in the passage?

   A) The stability of marriage and the divorce rate may reflect the economic situation of the country.

   B) Even when economically independent, most women have to struggle for real equality in marriage.

   C) In order to secure their marriage women should work outside the home and remain independent.

   D) The impact of the growing female workforce on marriage varies from case to case.

Passage Two

Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.

    For most thinkers since the Greek philosophers, it was self-evident that there is something called human nature, something that constitutes the essence of man. There were various views about what constitutes it, but there was agreement that such an essence exists--that is to say, that there is something by virtue of which man is man. Thus man was defined as a rational being, as a social animal, an animal that can make tools, or a symbol-making animal.

    More recently, this traditional view has begun to be questioned. One reason for this change was the increasing emphasis given to the historical approach to man. An examination of the history of humanity suggested that man in our epoch is so different from man in previous times that it seemed unrealistic to assume that men in every age have had in common something that can be called "human nature. " The historical approach was reinforced, particularly in the United States, by studies in the field of cultural anthropology(人类学). The study of primitive peoples has discovered such a diversity of customs, values, feelings, and thoughts that many anthropologists arrived at the concept that man is born as a blank sheet of paper on which each culture writes its text. Another factor contributing to the tendency to deny the assumption of a fixed human nature was that the concept has so often been abused as a shield behind which the most inhuman acts are committed.  In the name of human nature, for example, Aristotle and most thinkers up to the eighteenth century defended slavery. Or in order to prove the rationality and necessity of the capitalist form of society, scholars have tried to make a case for acquisitiveness, competitiveness, and selfishness as innate (天生的) human traits. Popularly, one refers cynically to “ human nature” in accepting the inevitability of such undesirable human behavior as greed, murder, cheating and lying.

Another reason for skepticism about the concept of human nature probably lies in the influence of evolutionary thinking. Once man came to be seen as developing in the process of evolution, the idea of a substance which is contained in his essence seemed untenable. Yet I believe it is precisely from an evolutionary standpoint that we can expect new insight into the problem of the nature of man.

注意：实考中此部分试题在答题卡2上作答。

57. The traditional view of "human nature" was strongly challenged by __________________.

   A) the emergence of the evolutionary theory   B) the historical approach to man

   C) new insight into human behavior         D) the philosophical analysis of slavery

58. According to the passage, anthropologists believe that human beings

   A) have some traits in common               B) are born with diverse cultures

   C) are born without a fixed nature            D) change their characters as they grow up

59. The author mentioned Aristotle, a great ancient thinker, in order to

   A) emphasize that he contributed a lot to defining the concept of "human nature"

   B) show that the concept of "human nature" was used to justify social evils

   C) prove that he had a profound influence on the concept of "human nature"

   D) support the idea that some human traits are acquired

60. The word “ untenable” (Line 3 )  in the last paragraph of the passage most probably means

   A) invaluable     B) imaginable           C) changeable         D) indefensible

61. Most philosophers believed that human nature

   A) is the quality distinguishing man from other animals

   B) consists of competitiveness and selfishness

   C) is something partly innate and partly acquired

   D) consists of rationality and undesirable behavior

Part V                       Error Correction                 (15 minutes)

Directions: This part consists of a short passage. In this passage, there are altogether 10 mistakes, one in each numbered line. You may have to change a "word, add a word or delete a word. Mark out the mistakes and put the corrections in the blanks provided. If you change a word, cross it out and write the correct word in the corresponding blank. If you add a word, put an insertion mark (^) in the right place and write the missing word in the blank. If you delete a word, cross it out and put a slash (/) in the blank.

注意：实考中此部分试题在答题卡2上作答。

Thomas Malthus published his “Essay on the Principle of Population”

almost 200 years ago. Ever since then, forecasters have being warning that       62. ______

worldwide famine was just around the next comer.  The fast-growing

population's demand for food, they warned, would soon exceed their               63. ______

supply, leading to widespread food shortages and starvation.

    But in reality, the world's total grain harvest has risen steadily over

the years. Except for relative isolated trouble spots like present-day                 64.______

Somalia, and occasional years of good harvests, the world's food crisis has      65. ______

remained just around the comer. Most experts believe this can continue

even as if the population doubles by the mid-2st century, although feeding        66. ______

10 billion people will not be easy for politics, economic and environmental       67.______

reasons. Optimists point to concrete examples of continued improvements

in yield. In Africa, by instance, improved seed, more fertilizer and